| S-400 Triumf NATO reporting name: SA-21 Growler |
|
|---|---|
S-400 Triumf launch vehicle |
|
| Type | Transportable SAM system |
| Place of origin | Russia |
| Service history | |
| In service | 2007[1]–present |
| Used by | Russia |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Almaz/Antei Concern of Air Defence (PVO Kontsern) |
| Designed | Late 1990s–Early 2000s |
| Manufacturer | Fakel Machine-Building Design Bureau |
| Specifications | |
|
|
|
| Operational range |
400 km (40N6 missile)
250 km (48N6 missile) |
| 9M96 | |
|---|---|
| Type | Surface-to-air missile |
| Place of origin | Russia |
| Production history | |
| Variants | 9M96, 9M96E and 9M96E2 |
| Specifications (9M96[1]) | |
|
|
|
| Propellant | solid propellant rocket motor |
| Operational range |
40 kilometres (25 mi)[1] |
| Flight ceiling | 30 km |
| Boost time | cold launch ejection system |
| Speed | Mach 5.0 |
| Guidance system |
inertial guidance with radio command corrections |
| Steering system |
gas dynamic flight control system |
| 40N6 | |
|---|---|
| Type | Surface-to-air missile |
| Place of origin | Russia |
| Production history | |
| Variants | 40N6 |
| Specifications (40N6[1]) | |
|
|
|
| Propellant | solid propellant rocket motor |
| Operational range |
400 kilometres (250 mi) |
| Flight ceiling | 185 km[2] |
| Boost time | cold launch ejection system |
| Speed | Mach 12.0 |
| Guidance system |
inertial guidance with radio command corrections |
| Steering system |
gas dynamic flight control system |
The S-400 Triumf (Russian: C-400 «Триумф») is a new generation anti-aircraft weapon system developed by Russia's Almaz Central Design Bureau as an upgrade of the S-300 family. It is currently in limited service with the Russian Armed Forces.
The S-400's NATO reporting name is SA-21 Growler, and the system was previously known as S-300PMU-3. It overshadows the capabilities of the other systems from the S-300 series, and its range is at least two times greater than that of the MIM-104 Patriot system.[3]
The S-400 uses 3 different missiles to cover its entire performance envelope. These are the extremely long range 40N6, long range 48N6 and medium range 9M96 missile. Each one has different capabilities.
Contents |
The development of the S-400 system began in the late 1990s. The system was formally announced by the Russian Air Force in January 1999. On 12 February 1999, the first tests were performed at Kapustin Yar in Astrakhan which were reported successful. As a result of this, the S-400 was scheduled for deployment in the Russian army in 2001.[4]
In 2003 it first became apparent that the system was ready for deployment, but in August two high ranking military officials expressed concerns that the S-400 was being tested using 'obsolete' interceptors from the S-300P and concluded that it was not ready for production.[4]
Finally the completion of the project was announced in February 2004. In April, a ballistic missile was successfully intercepted in a test of the upgraded 48N6DM interceptor missile.[5][6]
The S-400s radar is capable of tracking over 100 targets at ranges of over 400 km (250 mi), and engaging up to 12 of these targets at varying ranges, depending on the missile used (see infobox).
A regular S-400 battalion consists of at least eight launchers with 32 missiles and a mobile command post.[7] On May 21, 2007 the Russian Air Force announced that S-400 would be put on combat duty around Moscow and Central Russia by July 1, 2007[8] The S-400 was also deployed near the town of Elektrostal.[9]
On August 6, 2007, the first regiment equipped with S-400 entered active service in Moscow Oblast' near town of Elektrostal, according to Channel One Russia. This is the 606th Guards 'Zenith' Rocket Regiment, 9th PVO Division, 1st PVO Corps, of the Special Purpose Command.[10]
On February 8, 2008, Lt. Gen. Vladimir Sviridov announced that Russia will be replacing the S-300 systems in the Northwest of Russia with the more technologically advanced S-400. Russian military experts expect that Russia plans for this system to be in place and represent a major component of their ballistic missile defense system until 2020.[11]
In September 2006 Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov announced a new state program of armaments for 2007–2015. This program provides for the purchase of 18 missile battalions of S-400's.[12]
On March 17, 2009 Russia's defense minister announced that a second regiment equipped with advanced S-400 Triumf air defense missile systems has been put into combat service.[13]
On August 26, 2009, the General Staff said S-400 systems had been deployed in the Russian Far East to counter possible North Korean missile tests and prevent fragments from falling on Russian territory.[7]
In February 2011 a second unit of S-400 missile systems was deployed at Dubrovki, north of Moscow. The 210th Air Defence Regiment consists of two battalions, each consisting of eight launch points, each with four missiles.[14] In February 2011, it was also announced that the missile system will be deployed southern Kuril Islands "to protect Russia's sovereignty in the Far East".[15]
Air defense units of the Russian Baltic Fleet in the Kaliningrad region are scheduled to receive their first S-400 units at the end of 2011.[16]
On August 23, 2007 RIA Novosti reported that their sources indicated that Russia will not export the S-400 for the next few years.[17]
A simplified version of the S-400, designated the HQ-19, was developed jointly with China. China provided the majority of the funding for development.[1] Photos of the S-400 in China were released by Jane's Information Group in May 2009.[18] Russia has also offered the system to the United Arab Emirates and Greece.[19]
During the 2009 International Defence Industry Fair in Istanbul Turkey expressed interest in buying the system.[20]
Vice Chairman of Russia's State Duma Vladimir Zhirinovsky has urged the fast delivery of the S-400 anti-aircraft missile systems to Iran.[21]
On August 24, 2009, RIA Novosti reported that their sources indicated that Belarus had submitted a formal request for two battalions of S-400 systems.[22] India and Iran have also shown interest in this system. In the Turkish Long Range Anti Aircraft Missile Program S-400 is competing with Patriot Advanced Capability 3. SSM is going to make a decision in 2011.
In September 2009, it was reported that the S-400 system is part of a two billion dollar arms deal being negotiated between Russia and Saudi Arabia. As of March 2010, this was still under negotiation. The Saudis want to buy twelve systems, each of eight launchers. The Saudis were trying to buy the more modern S-400, but the Russians reportedly only wanted to sell the older S-300.[23][24]
South Korea is developing a simplified version of the S-400 called M-SAM Cheolmae-2 with the help of Almaz. The prime contractor is Samsung Thales, a joint venture between Samsung and Thales.[25] The M-SAM will be composed of an X band multi-function radar vehicle built by Samsung Thales in technical cooperation with Almaz,[26] and fire-control vehicles and transporter erector launchers built by Doosan.[27] LIG Nex1 will provide the missiles.[28]
Current:
Potential: